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The tax changes for 2018 have been some of the most significant changes that I have seen my 25 years of tax preparation. I have worked tirelessly to maximize the refunds of my clients using some of the tax laws to their advantage. And now those laws have changed.
The Standard Deduction doubles.
Under United States tax law, the standard deduction is a dollar amount that non-itemizers may subtract from their income before income tax is applied. Taxpayers may choose either itemized deductions or the standard deduction, but usually choose whichever results in the lesser amount of tax payable. The standard deduction is available to US citizens and aliens who are resident for tax purposes and who are individuals, married persons, and heads of household. The standard deduction is based on filing status and typically increases each year. It is not available to nonresident aliens residing in the United States. Additional amounts are available for persons who are blind and/or are at least 65 years of age.
Yes, the standard deduction has roughly doubled for all filers, but the valuable personal exemption has been eliminated. For example, a single filer would have been entitled to a $6,500 standard deduction and a $4,150 personal exemption in 2018, for a total of $10,650 in income exclusions. Under the new tax plan, they would just get a $12,000 standard deduction. Is it better? Yes. But it’s not really “doubled.”
I held many tax training classes in which I taught extensively about itemized deductions, to help move my clients from the lower standard deduction into the itemized deductions arena to decrease the amount of income that they were taxed on, but for the first time in 20 years the standard deductions for the 2018 tax year has increased to $12,000 for single and married filing separate filers, $18,000 for heads of households, and $24,000 for joint filers. It’s twice the amount of the 2017 standard deductions which were $6,350 for single and married filing separately, $9,350 for the head of household and $12,700 for joint filers. This will make it harder for you to itemize your deductions.
- Miscellaneous itemized deductions are eliminated.
In prior years, you could deduct your itemized deductions such as unreimbursed job expenses, tax preparation fees, and other expenses as long as they exceed 2% of your adjusted gross income. In 2019, you cannot deduct expenses such as:
- Moving expenses (excluding members of the armed forces)
- Travel expenses
- Meal expenses
- Professional and union dues
- Business liability insurance premiums
- Depreciation in mandatory items such as computer or phone usage
- Employee education expenses
- Home office expenses
- Job-seeking expenses
- Supplies and uniforms
- Investment fees
- Tax preparation fees
- Hobby expenses
What does this mean for you?
For those, who’s only way to increase their deductions to use the itemized deduction was by claiming those expenses in prior years, these expenses are no longer an option. However, homeowners and those who give charitable contributions in the form of tithes and offerings to churches at a rate of 10% of their income, along with other charitable donations and those who donate clothes, furniture, etc., to thrift stores and other charitable organizations are still able to move beyond the standard deduction into using the itemized deduction.
For example:
Let’s take a person filing head of household who’s income is $75000.
In 2017 the standard deduction for this person was $9350. If they claimed $7500 in cash charitable contributions (10%) and also donated items to thrift stores in the amount of $3500, they were able to surpass the standard deduction amount by $1650 and therefore would be able to use the itemize deduction.
This same person in 2018, with the same factors will only have $11000 in deductions which is $7000 lower than the new standard deduction of $18000 and they would not be able to itemize and have to take the standard deduction.
The Child Tax Credit (CTC) increases until 2025.
For qualifying children under 17, the CTC doubles from $1,000 to $2,000. Your dependent must also have a social security number for this credit. Moreover, the TCJA combines the Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC) with the CTC. You can then receive a refundable credit of up to $1,400 after removing your tax.
A new dependent credit is here.
If you want to claim a non-dependent, (meaning someone who is not a qualifying child under age 17) you can do so and receive $500 for this credit. The non-dependent must be either a full-time student or disabled.
State and Local Taxes (SALT) deduction have a cap of $10,000.
Beforehand, there was not a limit in place for your SALT deduction but now, there will be a noticeable difference for taxpayers with greater amounts of state and local taxes.
It’s also recommended that you complete a new W-4 in place of this new tax law.
No more alimony deductions.
You can no longer deduct your alimony payments on your tax return. This means that divorcees who make alimony payments cannot deduct that amount on their federal taxes. This applies to divorces after December 31, 2018.
Mortgage interest deduction receives a cap of $750,000.
Prior to this, taxpayers could deduct up to $1 million in mortgage interest whereas now, it’s cut by 25%. On top of that, the new cap of $750,000 applies to residences purchased after December 15, 2017.
The Home Equity Interest Deduction disappears.
For 2018-2025, the interest you pay on home equity loans and lines of credit are no longer available. However, the IRS states that they are still deductible as long as they are used to buy, build or substantially improve the taxpayer’s home that secures the loan.
For example, you cannot deduct the use of the loan for credit card debt and living expenses. The loan must also be a qualified residence such as a homeowners’ main or second home and not exceed the cost of the home.
Here’s a reminder of the income tax brackets for 2018:
There are still seven tax brackets, and the seven marginal tax rates — 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37% — remain unchanged. However, the income ranges for each bracket have been adjusted for inflation. So with that in mind, here’s a guide to the 2019 tax brackets for the four major tax filing statuses:
Tax Rate | Single | Married Jointly | Head of Household | Married Separately |
---|
10% | $0-$9,700 | $0-$19,400 | $0-$13,850 | $0-$9,700 |
12% | $9,701-$39,475 | $19,401-$78,950 | $13,851-$52,850 | $9,701-$39,475 |
22% | $39,476-$84,200 | $78,951-$168,400 | $52,851-$84,200 | $39,476-$84,200 |
24% | $84,201-$160,725 | $168,401-$321,450 | $84,201-$160,700 | $84,201-$160,725 |
32% | $160,726-$204,100 | $321,451-$408,200 | $160,701-$204,100 | $160,726-$204,100 |
35% | $204,101-$510,300 | $408,201-$612,350 | $204,101-$510,300 | $204,101-$306,175 |
37% | Over $510,300 | Over $612,350 | Over $510,300 | Over $306,175 |
January 28 was the start of the tax season!
You can make an appointment to file your tax return at http://www.unbreakableenterprises.com/make-an-appointment.html